Topic

Groundwater

Groundwater is a critical source of freshwater for drinking water, agriculture, industry, and ecosystems. In many regions, it provides the most reliable supply during dry periods and acts as a buffer against climate variability. Yet because it lies out of sight, groundwater is often overlooked in planning and decision-making.

Rustic water well in the Sahara Desert, Merzouga, southeastern Morocco. — Photo: Alessandro V

Rising pressures on an invisible resource

Pressure on groundwater resources is increasing. Over-abstraction, pollution, and weak monitoring threaten aquifers worldwide, while climate change alters recharge patterns and increases reliance on groundwater during droughts. Governance challenges are compounded by limited data, unclear responsibilities, and the separation of groundwater from surface water, land use, and ecosystem management.

How SIWI contributes

SIWI promotes integrated approaches that make groundwater visible in policy and planning. We support governance frameworks that connect aquifers with surface water management, land use, and ecosystem protection, and that improve monitoring, accountability, and long-term decision-making.

What integrated groundwater governance enables

By improving how groundwater is governed, SIWI supports more resilient water systems, secure drinking water supplies, and sustainable livelihoods. Recognizing and managing groundwater as part of the wider water system is essential for reducing risk and ensuring water security for people and ecosystems over time.